Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Firmware Guide

Wireless Protocols

The dominant short-range wireless protocol for IoT, wearables, and consumer devices. BLE 5.4 supports data rates up to 2 Mbps, extended advertising, and direction finding.

Key Topics

GATT services and characteristics
Advertising and scanning
Connection parameters
Bonding and security (LESC)
BLE Mesh
Direction finding (AoA/AoD)

Supported Hardware

nRF52832

Cost-effective Bluetooth 5.4 SoC with 512KB Flash and 64KB RAM, ideal for wearables, beacons, and low-power sensor applications.

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nRF52840

Advanced multiprotocol SoC with 1MB Flash, 256KB RAM, and USB support. The go-to chip for Bluetooth 5.4, Thread, Zigbee, and 802.15.4 applications.

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nRF5340

Dual-core Bluetooth 5.4 SoC with dedicated application and network processors. 1MB Flash + 512KB RAM on the application core, with hardware security via ARM TrustZone.

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nRF54L15

Next-generation ultra-low-power Bluetooth 5.4 SoC with RISC-V and ARM Cortex-M33 cores. Designed for ultra-constrained battery-powered devices.

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ESP32

Dual-core Wi-Fi and Bluetooth combo chip with extensive peripheral support. One of the most popular IoT microcontrollers for prototyping and production.

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ESP32-S3

AI-capable dual-core MCU with vector instructions for neural network acceleration, Wi-Fi, and BLE 5.0. Ideal for AIoT edge computing applications.

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ESP32-C3

Cost-effective RISC-V single-core Wi-Fi and BLE 5.0 chip. A great choice for simple connected devices where cost and power matter.

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nRF52805

Ultra-compact, cost-optimized BLE 5.4 SoC with 192KB Flash and 24KB RAM. The smallest, most affordable chip in the nRF52 series for simple BLE applications.

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nRF52810

Cost-optimized BLE 5.4 SoC with 192KB Flash and 24KB RAM, featuring hardware SWI and NFC-A tag. Ideal for high-volume BLE peripherals and beacons.

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nRF52811

BLE 5.4 SoC with optional 802.15.4 and ANT support plus long-range mode (Coded PHY). Extends nRF52810 with Thread and extended-range BLE capability.

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nRF52820

BLE 5.4 and 802.15.4 SoC with USB 2.0 Full Speed and 256KB Flash. Bridges BLE/Thread wireless with USB at lower cost than the nRF52840.

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nRF52833

Full-featured BLE 5.4 + 802.15.4 SoC with 512KB Flash, 128KB RAM, USB, and NFC. Offers extended-range BLE (Coded PHY) and mid-range capability between nRF52832 and nRF52840.

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nRF54H20

High-performance multicore SoC with dual Cortex-M33 (application + radio) plus a RISC-V VPR core. 2MB Flash and 1MB RAM, designed for complex multiprotocol BLE + 802.15.4 applications.

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nRF54L05

Entry-level nRF54L series SoC with ARM Cortex-M33 and RISC-V co-processor. Ultra-low-power BLE 5.4 with 512KB Flash — the most affordable chip in the nRF54L family.

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nRF54L10

Mid-range nRF54L series SoC combining ARM Cortex-M33 with a RISC-V co-processor. 1MB Flash and 128KB RAM with BLE 5.4, targeting wearables and connected sensors.

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nRF54LM20

The flagship nRF54L series SoC built on a 22nm process, featuring a 128 MHz ARM Cortex-M33 + RISC-V co-processor with 2MB Flash and 512KB RAM — the largest memory in the nRF54L family. Supports Bluetooth LE, Matter, Thread, Zigbee, and 2.4 GHz proprietary protocols up to 4 Mbps. The nRF54LM20A variant adds 66 GPIOs and high-speed USB; the nRF54LM20B adds an integrated Axon NPU for hardware-accelerated Edge AI inference. Security includes TrustZone, CRACEN cryptographic engine with side-channel protection, and tamper detection.

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More Wireless Protocols

Frequently Asked Questions

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